Archives of Health Science and Research is a peer-reviewed, open access, online-only journal published by İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa. Archives of Health Science and Research is a continuously published journal in English. The journal has moved to continuous publication by volume from Volume 12.
Response to comment on “Comparison of the Efficacy of Radial and Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Dupuytren’s Disease: A Pilot Study”
Cite this article as: Tezen Ö, Merve Ata A. Response to comment on “comparison of the efficacy of radial and focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy in dupuytren’s disease: A pilot study”. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 1691, doi:10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.251691.
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Comments on “Comparison of the Efficacy of Radial and Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Dupuytren’s Disease: A Pilot Study”
Cite this article as: Demirtaş B, Yildizgoren MT. Comments on “comparison of the efficacy of radial and focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy in dupuytren’s disease: a pilot study.” Arch Health Sci Res. 2025, 12, 0169, doi:10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25169.
Copyright (c) 2025 Archives of Health Science and Research
Hanging Mask Syndrome: A Chink in the Armor of Face Masks
Cite this article as: Mukhida S, Kumar Das N, Kannuri S, Desai D. Hanging mask syndrome: a chink in the armor of face masks. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0179, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24179.
Examination of Physical Activity Level and Psychosocial Status in Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Comparative Study
Objective: The aim was to examine the physical activity level (PAL) and psychosocial status in children/adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: This is a case-control study. The data was collected between September 01, 2022 and November 01, 2022 at Pamukkale University Hospital Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic and Pediatric Rheumatology Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Unit. Fourteen children/adolescents with JIA (mean age=12.35 ± 2.16 years) and 15 healthy children/ adolescents (mean age=13.20 ± 1.61 years) participated in the study. Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), 1-day PAL (MET-Metabolic Equivalent of Task and Energy Consumption), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM 3.0 Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (PedsQL-MFS) (general, sleep/rest, and cognitive) were used for evaluation. In addition, 27-joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-27) and Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial Scale (JAB-Q) (child, family, and clinician) were used in JIA. Results: Height (P=.005) and body weight (P=.023) were lower in JIA compared to healthy controls. In group comparison, CHAQ dressing (P=.002), reaching (P < .001), eating (P < .001), arising (P < .001), grip (P < .001), walking (P < .001), hygiene (P < .001), activity (P < .001), and total score (P < .001) were significant in favor of healthy controls. The groups were similar in MET (P = .621), energy expenditure (P = .425), PedsQL-MFS (sleep/rest) (P = .405), PedsQL-MFS (general) (P = .710), and PedsQL-MFS (cognitive) (P = .599). The JADAS-27 score of JIA was correlated with CHAQ total (r = 0.571, P = .033) and JAB-Q child (r=0.567, P=.035) and JAB-Q clinician (r = 0.811, P < .001). Conclusion: Compared to healthy controls, JIA patients had lower body composition and functionality. Although fatigue and MET-energy expenditure were worse, there was no statistical difference. Disease activity was associated with functionality and child and clinician psychosocial status. The disease may have caused developmental delays and affect the psychosocial status as well as limitations in daily activities in JIA. Energy expenditure and fatigue need to be investigated with larger sample sizes. Cite this article as: Küçükçeti̇nkaya A, Başakçı Çalık B, Gür Kabul E, Kılbaş G, Yüksel S. Examination of physical activity level and psychosocial status in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a comparative study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025, 12, 0206, doi:10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25206.
The Relationship Between Depression and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy of Breastfeeding Women: The Case of Türkiye
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy in women with infants aged 0-12 months living in Türkiye. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between April 24 and May 10, 2022. The study sample consisted of 410 women with infants aged 0-12 months living in Türkiye. The data were collected using descriptive information forms, such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES). Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.24 ± 5.89 years, with 46% of them having completed primary school or below. The mean BDI score of the female participants was low (13.14 ± 10.44), while the mean BSES total score was high (52.31 ± 11.20). A significant negative correlation was identified between the mean BDI and BSES total scores of the participants (r=−0.228, P < .001). The BDI and BSES scores of women were found to differ statistically according to their age, educational status, employment status, breastfeeding experience, and number of births (P < .05). A weak positive correlation was identified between the number of births and both the BDI (r=0.24) and the BSES (r=0.13) (P < .01). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the difficulties and depression experienced by mothers during the breastfeeding process can have a negative impact on their desire to breastfeed and the success of this endeavor. The findings of this study offer insights into the intricate relationship between breastfeeding and depression, as well as recommendations for supporting mothers. Cite this article as: Yakıt Ak E, Şen MA, Tandoğan Ö. The relationship between depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy of breastfeeding women: The case of Türkiye. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025;12, 0009, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25009.
Nurses’ Experience of Sexual Harassment at the Workplace and Traumatic Stress as Factors Attributing Professional Identity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Objective: Although workplace sexual harassment is known to affect nurses’ psychological well-being, research on its relationship with professional identity is limited. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study designed to examine sexual harassment experienced by nurses, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and their association with professional identity. Study data were obtained between April 25 and 30, 2019. The study was conducted with 115 nurses working in different hospitals who had experienced sexual harassment in their workplaces in the past year. The sample was recruited from an online nursing community in South Korea. Participants were asked about the type of sexual harassment, its frequency, and the perpetrators. PTSD symptoms and professional identity were measured using the Impact Event Scale-Revised and the modified version of Snizek-revised Hall’s professional inventory. Results: Physical sexual harassment (294 reported cases) was the most frequently reported type of sexual harassment among nurses. Patients were the majority of the perpetrators in almost all types of sexual harassment. In the logistic regression analysis, a more frequent experience of sexual harassment (P < .05) had a statistically significant effect on attenuated professional identity. Higher levels of PTSD due to sexual harassment were independently associated with strengthened professional identity (P < .05) Conclusion: Nurses’ frequent experiences of sexual harassment in the workplace are an occupational health risk that affects their professional identity. However, high levels of PTSD were significantly related to a strengthened professional identity among nurses with experiences of sexual harassment. It would be helpful to use the strategies to promote posttraumatic growth in caring sexually harassed nurses to reinforce their professional identity. Cite this article as: Lee E, Suh M. Nurses’ experience of sexual harassment at the workplace and traumatic stress as factors attributing professional identity: A crosssectional study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0066, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.24066.
Knowledge Levels and Related Factors Regarding Human Papillomavirus, Human Papillomavirus Diagnostic Testing, and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Adolescents
Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive system. Adolescent awareness about HPV-related infections and preventive vaccinations can help reduce the burden of disease and cancer. This study aimed to assess the knowledge levels of high school students, as part of the adolescent population, regarding HPV, HPV screening tests, and HPV vaccination. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between August 30 and October 30, 2024, among high school students in a district of İstanbul. A total of 214 participants were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through an online electronic survey using the “Participant Information Form” and the “HPV Knowledge Scale.” Results: Among the participants, 67.3% were female (n=144), 32.7% were male (n=70), with a mean age of 16.55 ± 1.26 years. The mean score on the HPV Knowledge Scale was 17.56 ± 3.83. The most correctly answered question regarding HPV was “Having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of HPV transmission,” while the most incorrectly answered question was “HPV usually does not require any treatment.” A significant difference was found in HPV Knowledge Scale scores based on gender, mothers’ education level, and prior knowledge about HPV (P < .05). Conclusion: This study found that high school students had a moderate level of knowledge about HPV. It is recommended to provide educational programs for adolescents, who are potential candidates for sexual activity, to raise awareness of HPV prevention and vaccination. Cite this article as: Dişsiz M, Yılmaz A, Beler A, Aytop M, Çap S. Knowledge levels and related factors regarding human papillomavirus, human papillomavirus diagnostic testing, and human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescents. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025, 12, 0048, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25048.
Quality of Life and Its Associated Predictors among University Students in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study
Objective: The objective is to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) and well-being of university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to identify the factors influencing their QoL. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 417 university students at Higher Colleges of Technology (HCT) in the UAE between March and May 2021. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were conducted to explore relationships between these factors and QoL outcomes. Results: A total of 417 students participated in this study. The mean score of the students’ overall perception was 3.76 (SD, 0.937), and the mean score of the students self-rated satisfaction with their current health and well-being was 3.65 (SD, 1.07). All QoL domains demonstrated approximate means with the environmental domain as the highest (37.53 [SD, 21.507]). There was a statistically significant mean difference in physical, psychological, and environmental health domains between male and female students. The 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed a statistically significant mean difference in psychological domain (F5,416=2.996; P=.011), social relationships domain (F5,416=2.913; P=.013) and environmental domain (F5,416=4.167; P=.001) between academic divisions. Regression analyses showed that age, gender, marital status and academic division were independent predictors of QoL domains. Conclusion: Enhancing supportive social environments and promoting positive academic and health behaviors are vital for improving QoL among university students. Implementing targeted institutional policies can significantly enhance student welfare and academic success. Cite this article as: Aljawarneh YM, Rajab LM, Alrayssi AM, et al. Quality of life and its associated predictors among university students in the united arab emirates: A cross-sectional study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025, 12, 0199, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24199.
Comparison and Correlation of Stress Levels and Perceived Parental Self-Efficacy Among Mothers of Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Descriptive Study
Objective: The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a critical yet challenging environment for mothers, often inducing significant stress. Maternal self-efficacy, a vital psychological construct, plays a pivotal role in shaping coping mechanisms and caregiving behaviors. Exploring the correlation between maternal stress and perceived parental self-efficacy is essential for optimizing NICU support strategies. To assess the correlation between maternal stress levels and perceived parental self-efficacy among mothers of preterm infants in NICUs and to determine the predictors of sociodemographic factors on these variables. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 111 mothers of prterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of two private hospitals in Gaziantep, Türkiye, from February to May 2024. Data were collected using a Sociodemographic Information Form, the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and ANOVA, were utilized to identify significant group differences. Results: Maternal stress levels were significantly influenced by economic status, education, number of pregnancies, and the number of living children. Stress related to the “Infant Appearance and Behaviors” and “Parental Role” subscales showed significant associations with factors such as infant gender, birth weight, maternal education, pregnancy complications, and prior NICU admissions. Higher parental self-efficacy scores were positively correlated with lower stress levels and were significantly influenced by similar sociodemographic variables. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of sociodemographic factors and parental self-efficacy in determining maternal stress levels in NICUs. Tailored, family-centered interventions focusing on enhancing maternal self-efficacy and addressing socioeconomic challenges are essential to reducing stress and improving outcomes for both mothers and preterm infants. Cite this article as: Coşkun AB, Öğüt N, Elmaoğlu E. Comparison and correlation of stress levels and perceived parental self-efficacy among mothers of infants in neonatal intensive care units: A Descriptive Study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0205, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24205.
Invisible Barriers: Experiences of Women Leaders in Healthcare Administration: A Qualitative Study
Objective: In the professional realm, many women perceive themselves as lagging behind their male colleagues despite having equivalent qualifications and education. They often experience concerns about advancing to higher positions, primarily due to societal and male-dominated attitudes. The obstacles women face in securing leadership roles are often attributed to an intangible yet pervasive barrier, commonly referred to as the glass ceiling. This issue is prevalent in professional life. In this context, the study seeks to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth examination of the career advancement experiences of female health managers. Methods: This phenomenological qualitative study involved in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 12 mid-level female managers working in the healthcare sector. Data were collected between January 1 and February 29, 2024, from tertiary healthcare institutions in Ankara, Türkiye. Data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously and dynamically. Inductive thematic, content, and descriptive analytical methods were used to analyze the qualitative data. Findings were supported by meaningful expressions. The MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 software was utilized for qualitative data analysis. Results: The findings reveal that female health managers shape their careers based on education and experience but face a sense of hopelessness in achieving their career goals due to societal role-imposed inequities. This sense of hopelessness often drives female health managers to pursue academic careers or work independently in the private sector. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of addressing the causes of inequities in women’s career development through broader and more analytical research. It advocates for the implementation of specific measures by health administrators and policymakers to eliminate these disparities and support women in their career journeys. Cite this article as: Uğrak U, Şen H. Invisible barriers: experiences of women leaders in healthcare Administration: A Qualitative Study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0014, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25014.
Eco-anxiety as a Public Health Problem: Evidence From Adult Individuals Living in Türkiye
Objective: Climate change causes natural disasters and extreme weather events. It affects people’s quality of life and psychological health directly or indirectly. This study investigates the relationship between various socio-demographic factors and the levels of eco-anxiety. Methods: The study utilized a quantitative research design with a relational pattern. The research was conducted online with 1009 participants aged between 18 and 70 years residing in Türkiye. The “Personal Information Form” and the “Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale” were used to assess participants’ anxiety levels. Results: The eco-anxiety levels of female participants were higher than those of men. Significant differences were found according to work status. Although not significant, it was determined that eco-anxiety decreased as the age of the participants increased. Conclusion: Our study showed that the participants’ eco-anxiety level was low and that eco-anxiety was affected by various variables. The results of the study will contribute to public health specialists working on eco-anxiety. Cite this article as: Cebeci F, Artan T, Abdullayeva S, Özüçelik DN, Atak I, Arıcı A. Eco-anxiety as a public health problem: evidence from adult individuals living in Türkiye. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0108, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.24108.
A Study on the Effect of Health Expenditures on Selected Healthcare Indicators: Evidence from Türkiye
Objective: While the coronavirus outbreak overburdens health systems, leading to a significant global death toll and severe human suffering across the world, the pandemic brought questions regarding how Türkiye manages this huge pandemic and whether Türkiye’s health system is ready for coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). With the Health Transformation Program (HTP) which was implemented from 2003 to 2013, Türkiye made noteworthy progress in the main measures of health condition by making noteworthy investments in the healthcare sector. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of health expenditures on the selected health indicators of Türkiye for the 1977-2018 period, which covers the significant transformation process under the HTP. Methods: We employ the Bayer and Hanck cointegration test and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test to examine the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables by using life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, and crude death rate as dependent variables, and health expenditures as a regressor. Results: The results of cointegration tests support the evidence of a long-run relationship between the variables, showing that an increase in health expenditures decreases infant mortality rates and crude death rates while increasing life expectancy rates. Our results also imply that after the HTP, the effect of health expenditures on indicators has increased. Conclusion: We conclude that investments in the healthcare system led to improvements in healthcare indicators. In fighting diseases like the COVID-19 epidemic, the strength of the health system is of great importance. Investing in people’s health as human capital boosts the population’s overall health and strengthens employability, which increases the effectiveness of active employment strategies, aids in securing acceptable living conditions, and promotes growth. JEL Codes: H11, H53, O40 Cite this article as: Kılcı EN, Yılancı V. A study on the effect of health expenditures on selected healthcare indicators: evidence from Türkiye. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0086, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.24086.
Retrospective Analysis of Functional and Demographic Data of Earthquake-Related Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical, demographic, and electroneuromyography data of patients with peripheral nerve injury who were followed up in physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics following a large earthquake that occurred in February 2023. Methods: The records of 57 patients diagnosed with peripheral nerve injury using electroneuromyography were reviewed. The electroneuromyography results of the damaged peripheral nerves were assessed. The demographic information and the electromyographic data of the patients were recorded retrospectively. Results: Fifty-seven patients with peripheral nerve injuries who were hospitalized due to earthquake injuries were included in the study. Thirty-two (56.1%) patients had compartment syndrome, 27 (47.4%) had undergone fasciotomy, 18 (31.6%) had undergone phleb surgery, 19 (33.3%) had wound infection, 14 (24.6%) had fractures, and 14 (24.6%) had amputations. According to the electroneuromyography findings, 3 patients had cervical root avulsion, 15 patients had brachial plexus injury, 1 patient had lumbar root avulsion, 4 patients had lumbosacral plexus injury, and 44 patients had peripheral nerve injury. The most frequently affected peripheral nerve was the peroneal nerve. Regeneration was observed in 19 patients who underwent control electroneuromyography. The peroneal nerve (n=7, 28%) and the brachial plexus (n=7, 46.6%) were the most frequently regenerated nerves. Conclusion: An earthquake-induced nerve injury may not be life-threatening, but it can affect the long-term quality of life. Effective treatment and rehabilitation depend on careful observation and targeted intervention. We expect to share our long-term data regarding early rehabilitation in the future. Cite this article as: Bilir EE, Ata AM, Borman P, Savtok BE, Afşin B, Eser F. Retrospective analysis of functional and demographic data of earthquake-related peripheral nerve injuries. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0161, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.23161.
Endocrine Disruptors Attitude Scale: A Scale Development Study
Objective: Endocrine disruptors are substances and mixtures that cause health problems in individuals and generations by affecting the endocrine system. There is no measurement tool for the assessment of people’s attitudes toward endocrine disruptors. The development of a valid and reliable measurement tool for the measurement of the attitudes of adult individuals toward endocrine disruptors is the aim of this study. Methods: This study with a methodological design was conducted with 366 participants who were at least 18 years old and literate in Turkish between December 01, 2021, and March 01, 2022, in İstanbul and Famagusta. To collect data, the “Participant Introduction Form” and “Endocrine Disruptors Attitude Scale” were used. Data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, dependent samples t-test, Cronbach’s α internal consistency coefficient, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: When the item–total score correlations of 35 items in the draft scale were examined, 14 items with less than 0.30 and negative values were excluded from the scale. The correlation coefficient of all the remaining items was positive and significant (P < .001). The difference between test and retest mean scores was not statistically significant (P > .05). Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient was determined as α=0.81 for the Consumer behavior sub-dimension, α=0.80 for Nutrition and hygiene, and α=0.85 for the whole scale. Conclusion: The scale is concluded to be a reliable and valid tool and can be utilized for determining the determination of attitudes of adults toward endocrine disruptors. Cite this article as: Turan Miral M, Mamuk R, Dişsiz M, İşgüven SP. Endocrine disruptors attitude scale: a scale development study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0109, 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.24109.
The Role of Social Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Assertiveness Levels in Online Game Addiction Among Nursing Students: A Structural Equation Modeling
Objective: This study aimed to examine the role of assertiveness level as a mediating variable in the relationship between online game addiction and social anxiety and self-esteem in nursing students. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational research. The sample consisted of 181 participants. Participants filled out the “Personal Information Form,” ”Online Game Addiction Scale,” ”Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale,” ”Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,” and “Assertiveness Scale” online. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. Results: It explains the mediating role of assertiveness as 6.2% in the effect of social anxiety and self-esteem on online game addiction. Social anxiety and self-esteem explain assertiveness as 31.4%. According to the Structural Equation Model established, the model were found to have acceptable fit values. Conclusion: As self-esteem decreases and social anxiety increases in nursing students, assertiveness decreases. As assertiveness increases, the risk of online game addiction decreases. Cite this article as: Kızılırmak Tatu M, Ercan F, Demir S. The role of social anxiety, self-esteem and assertiveness levels in online game addiction among nursing students: a structural equation modeling. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0042, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.24042.
The Relationship Between Paternal–Infant Attachment and Fatherhood Role Perception of Fathers with 6-12-Month-Old Infants
Objective: The study aimed to determine the relationship between paternal–infant attachment and the perception of the fatherhood role among fathers with 6-12-month-old infants. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 131 fathers of 6-12-month-old infants between April 2023 and March 2024 at Family Health Centers in a province in northeast Türkiye. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Paternal–Infant Attachment Scale (PIAS), and the Fatherhood Role Perception Scale. Statistical analysis involved percentage, mean, independent groups t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses. The study adhered to ethical principles. Results: Fathers who had a university education or higher, a baby girl, an only child, spent 5 hours or more with their baby, had been married for 5 years or less, and reported a good relationship with their spouse had statistically significant higher mean total scores on both the PIAS and the Fatherhood Role Perception Scale (P < .05). There was a statistically significant, moderately positive relationship between the total scores on the Fatherhood Role Perception Scale and the PIAS (P < .01). Conclusion: The study showed that fathers with a high perception of their paternal role also had higher attachment levels to their infants. Cite this article as: Altay G, Sarıalioğlu A, Yıldız Y. The relationship between paternal–infant attachment and fatherhood role perception of fathers with 6-12-monthold infants. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0129, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.24129.
Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Lung Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Pretest- Posttest Feasibility Study
Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a global burden with its pulmonary and extra-pulmonary symptoms. The soft tissues surrounding the chest wall are less commonly addressed in planning the treatment for this condition. Therefore, the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques applied to the chest wall and upper limb and their impact on the respiratory and quality of life outcomes can be studied. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of PNF techniques on pulmonary function and health impairment in stable COPD patients. Methods: This feasibility study based pretest posttest was conducted with 14 participants with COPD Manipal Hospital, Bangalore between April to August, 2018. Participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks of PNF intervention. The outcomes were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, max- imal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ). Results: The FEV1 mean (SD) change of 0.5 ± 0.02 (liter) after 4 weeks of PNF training, thus but FVC and FEV1/FVC did not show statistical significance. Moreover, the respiratory pressures in these patients increased by 0.93 and 0.71 cmH2O in MIP (P < .04) and MEP (P < .01), respectively. St. George respiratory questionnaire components showed improve- ments post-intervention but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training seems beneficial on FEV1 and the inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength but health impairment among patients with COPD. Cite this article as: Ghosh G, Venkatesan P, Karthikbabu S, Pawar M. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A pretest-posttest feasibility study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0161, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24161.
Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Among Young People Living in Türkiye and Its Relationship with Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) knowledge levels and health literacy among young people living in Türkiye. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Türkiye to assess the relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge levels and health literacy among young adults. The data were collected between April and August 2023. Data were analyzed using the Descriptive Information Form, AIDS Knowledge Scale (AIDS-KS), and Health Literacy Scale (HLS) to examine the correlation between them. Results: Among the young adults, 52.1% stated that they needed health education for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Also, 70.1% reported that they knew about HIV/AIDS, and 74.8% reported that they had information about the ways of transmission. The participants’ mean score on the AIDS-KS (8.04 ± 4.58) was low, and the mean score on the HLS (101.99 ± 19.28) was good. There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of the AIDS-KS and the total score of the HLS (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Given the strong relationship between young adults’ HIV/AIDS knowledge and health literacy, the development of innovative education and awareness campaigns that integrate these 2 areas can be a strategic step in improving public health and preventing the spread of infection among young people. Cite this article as: Şen MA, Yakıt Ak E, Tandoğan Ö, Akdemir A. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Among Young People Living in Türkiye and Its Relationship with Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0010, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25010.
Comparison of Disease Severity, Physical Fitness Parameters, and Physical Activity Levels According to Pain Intensity in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Objective: The study aims to evaluate disease severity, physical fitness parameters, and physical activity levels in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) based on pain intensity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the physiotherapy and rehabilitation unit of a state hospital between September and December 2024. A total of 96 individuals diagnosed with knee OA, with a mean age of 57.36 ± 8.78 years, were included in the study. Pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)), disease severity (Lequesne Algofunctional Knee Index (LAKI)), body composition (Body Mass Index (BMI)), muscle strength and endurance (sit-ups test), flexibility (sitand-reach test), cardiorespiratory endurance (6-minute walk test (6MWT), 30-second sit-to-stand test), physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)) were assessed. Participants were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 included those with an NRS score of 5 or below, and Group 2 included those with an NRS score above 5. Results: The groups were similar in terms of age, gender, BMI, and disease duration (P > .05). Group 2 had higher NRS and LAKI scores (both P=.001). Group 2 performed worse in the sit-ups test and the sit-and-reach test (P=.001, P=.047, respectively). The 6MWT, the 30-second sit-to-stand test, and the total IPAQ-SF score were higher in Group 1 (P=.008, P=.007, P=.019, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the lateral trunk flexion tests (P > .05). Conclusion: Individuals with knee OA who have increased pain intensity were found to have higher disease severity and lower muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, and physical activity levels. This study demonstrates that increased pain intensity negatively affects body structure and functions and reduces participation in activities. Cite this article as: Aydın G, Balkışlı BÇ. Comparison of disease severity, physical fitness parameters, and physical activity levels according to pain intensity in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0011, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25011.
The Effect of Technological Device Usage Time on the Physical Activity Level of Secondary School Children: A Rural Example
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the duration of technological device usage and the physical activity levels of secondary school students in Akyazı, a rural area in north-west Türkiye. Given the increasing integration of digital devices into daily life, understanding their impact on children’s health and activity levels is crucial. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,000 secondary school students. The Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity levels, and a structured survey was administered to collect data on technological device usage and health-related symptoms. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0 software, and associations between variables were determined with Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results: The most commonly used technological device was the mobile phone, with 44.2% of students using it for 1-2 hours per day. A significant relationship was found between mobile phone use and neck pain (r=0.094, P=.002), and between computer use and back pain (r=0.112, P=.002). Increased mobile phone usage was associated with a decrease in physical activity levels (r=0.043, P=.008). Excessive screen time was also linked to sleep disturbances, fatigue, and psychological effects such as stress. Conclusion: Excessive use of technological devices negatively affects secondary school students’ physical activity levels and overall health. Encouraging balanced screen time and promoting physical activity are essential to mitigate these adverse effects. Further research and public health interventions are needed to address this growing concern. Cite this article as: Yıldız A, Demiryürek SN, Çelikten İ, İnal P, Türk A, Taz B. The effect of technological device usage time on the physical activity level of secondary school children: A rural example. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0034, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25034.
Disaster Literacy Levels of Families with Special Needs Children and Associated Factors: A Descriptive-Correlational Study
Objective: The study aimed to determine the levels of disaster literacy (DL) and related factors among families of children with special needs. Methods: The descriptive-correlational study was conducted with 151 participants between March and April 2024 at a private rehabilitation center in Istanbul. Data were collected using the descriptive information form and the Disaster Literacy Scale (DLS). Independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The average total DLS of the participants was 22.49 ± 4.64. A significant association was observed between the DLS score and education level, marital status, survival kit possession, and having a family disaster preparedness plan. High school graduates exhibited higher DL levels than primary school graduates, and single participants demonstrated higher DL levels than married participants. Participants who had a survival kit and a family disaster preparedness plan at home demonstrated higher DL levels. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that families of children with special needs had insufficient DL levels. Assessing their DL is crucial for developing strategies to enhance disaster management and reduce associated risks. Future studies should prioritize efforts to improve DL levels among families of children with special needs. Cite this article as: Yas MA, Demirtas S. Disaster literacy levels of families with special needs children and associated factors: A descriptive-correlational study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0164, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.24164.
The Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Child-Raising Attitudes of Nurses with Preschool Children: A Descriptive Study
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between parenting stress and child-rearing attitudes of nurses with preschool children. Methods: The descriptive relational design was conducted in a hospital in the center of a province in southern Türkiye. The study population consisted of nurses with preschool children working in the hospital. The entire population was studied. The study was completed with 116 nurses. The Sociodemographic Information Form, the Parenting Stress Scale for Clinical Nurses, and the Parent-Child Raising Attitudes Scale were used to collect the research data. Ethical principles were complied with in the study. Results: The study’s total score on the Parenting Stress Scale for Clinical Nurses was 11.18 ± 1.76. The mean scores of the democratic attitude sub-dimension, oppressive and authoritarian attitude sub-dimension, and overly tolerant attitude sub-dimension were 62.43 ± 7.71, 36.87 ± 4.29, and 27.33 ± 4.85, respectively. Marital and economic status were significant on the mean score of the Parenting Stress Scale for Clinical Nurses. Educational status was significant on the mean score of overly tolerant attitude, and age at marriage was significant on the mean score of democratic, oppressive, and authoritarian attitude subscales (P < .05). Conclusion: The study found that nurses’ democratic attitudes negatively correlate with physical and mental fatigue while positively correlating with shift and working environment. Oppressive and authoritarian attitudes positively correlate with psychological burden. Overly tolerant attitudes correlate positively with psychological burden and physical and mental fatigue but negatively with the working environment. It may be recommended that more research on parenting stress and parenting attitudes of nurses should be carried out and conducted with a larger sample group. Cite this article as: Çi̇lek MÇ, Sariali̇oğlu A. The relationship between parenting stress and child-raising attitudes of nurses with preschool children: A descriptive study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0006, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25006.
The Effect of a Compassion Fatigue Resiliency Program on Nurses’ Professional Quality of Life, Stress, and Resilience During COVID-19: A Quasi-Experimental Study with 3-Month Follow-Up
Background: There is a lack of interventional studies with longitudinal follow-ups examining nurses’ coping abilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no study investigating the effect of a Compassion Fatigue Resiliency Program (CFRP) on nurses working in COVID-19 units. This study implemented a CFRP for nurses to examine its effect on their professional quality of life, perceived stress, and resilience and to obtain participants’ views on the program. Methods: The research was conducted as a single-group quasi-experimental study design with pre-posttest and 3-month follow-up tests with 29 nurses working in COVID-19 units. The Compassion Fatigue Resiliency Program was implemented as an intervention. Data were collected between December 2021 and April 2022. Results: The CFRP reduced nurses’ burnout and stress and increased resilience in the short term; however, its effect did not continue in the long term. Nurses’ perceptions of the overall effectiveness of the training were high, and the narrative feedback was very positive. They reported that the program increased their awareness about compassion fatigue, improved their coping skills, and was useful in establishing a work-life balance. The narrative feedback of the nurses also showed that the interaction of nurses with colleagues who have similar experiences helps them to feel social support. Conclusion: The study results showed that CFRP was useful in developing nurses’ coping skills and ensuring work-life balance. Organizations could develop strategies to support nurses and prioritize nurses caring for themselves at the same level as caring for others. It is recommended that CFRP be included in in-service training programs and repeated at 3-month intervals. Cite this article as: Pehlivan Sarıbudak T, Çepni B. The effect of a compassion fatigue resiliency program on nurses’ professional quality of life, stress, and resilience during Covid-19: A quasi-experimental study with 3-month follow-up. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0183, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24183.
Musculoskeletal Pain and Discomfort in Final-Year Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Objective: This study evaluates musculoskeletal pain and discomfort among final-year physiotherapy and rehabilitation students. Methods: Eighty-six students aged between 21 and 29 years enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The data was collected at Kütahya Health Sciences University in 2023-2024. An ergonomic risk assessment was conducted using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) based on digital photographs, while musculoskeletal pain and discomfort were measured with the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). Results: Based on the REBA score, 47.7% of students were categorized as medium risk and 29.1% as high risk. The CMDQ discomfort score was the highest in the upper back (34.50%), lower back (26.50%), and neck (21.04%) regions. A significant moderate correlation was found between CMDQ discomfort in the neck and REBA total score (r=0.333; P< .006), a low negative correlation with exercise habits (r=−0.269; P= .012), and a low positive correlation between CMDQ discomfort in the lower back and body mass index (BMI) (r= 0.284; P=.008). Conclusion: The results indicate that 76.7% of final-year physiotherapy and rehabilitation students are at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders, with significant pain severity reported across all spinal regions. Given the associations between awkward posture, BMI, exercise habits, and musculoskeletal disorders, it is crucial to implement ergonomic working conditions, increase body awareness, promote correct body mechanics, and encourage regular physical activity to reduce pain and prevent cumulative trauma in the future. Cite this article as: Çankaya Ö, Oğuz Gökçen S, Koyunoğlu T. Musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in final-year physiotherapy and rehabilitation students: A cross sectional study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0192, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24192.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Radial and Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Dupuytren's Disease: A Pilot Study
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (f-ESWT) and radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (r-ESWT) on pain, functionality, and nodule size measured by ultrasound (US) in patients with Dupuytren’s disease (DD). Methods: This prospective pilot study was carried out at the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital’s outpatient clinic between May 2023 and September 2024. A total of 22 patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed with DD by clinical examination were included in the study. The first patient group received f-ESWT (0.35 mJ, 3-4 Hz 2000 pulses) and the second patient group received r-ESWT (3 bar 12 Hz 1400 pulses) twice a week for a total of 6 sessions using the Modus ESWT device over 3 weeks. Each patient was trained on tendon gliding movements and a home exercise program. Patients were evaluated pre- and post-treatment and at a 3-month follow-up. Assessments included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Southampton Dupuytren Scoring Scheme (SDSS), nodule size, and handgrip strength (HGS). Results: The results showed that both r-ESWT and f-ESWT are useful treatment methods in reducing pain, functionality, and activity limitation scores due to DD. However, the decrease in VAS scores was statistically significant in the r-ESWT group (P=.002). There was a significant decrease in SDSS scores in the f-ESWT group (P= .001) and the r-ESWT group (P < .001). f-ESWT was more effective in reducing nodule size (P= .009) and no effect of different shock wave sizes was observed in HGS. Conclusion: This is the publication to compare the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock waves with different wave lengths in the treatment of DD. While r-ESWT may be preferred in the treatment of DD when pain and function are considered, f-ESWT may be preferred when nodule size and function are taken into account. Cite this article as: Tezen Ö, Ata AM, Yılmaz T, Uzun Ö, Yaşar E. Comparison of the efficacy of radial and focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy in Dupuytren’s disease: A pilot study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0184, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24184.
Defensive Nursing Practices Scale: Development and Validation of a New Measurement Tool
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the Defensive Nursing Practices Scale (DNPS) and evaluate it psychometrically. Methods: The study had a methodological design and was reported in accordance with the STARD Checklist to ensure comprehensive and standardized reporting. Scale items were developed through the literature data. The data were collected from 1188 nurses between December 2023 and May 2024. The factor structure of the scale was established using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with separate sample groups. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed, and reliability was evaluated through Cronbach’s α values, adjusted item-total correlations, and composite reliability (CR). Results: The results of the EFA indicated that the DNPS consisted of 3 distinct sub-dimensions and included a total of 15 items, which collectively accounted for 58.2% of the total variance observed. This factor structure was further confirmed through a CFA, ensuring its robustness. Both convergent and discriminant validity were established, supporting the scale’s effectiveness in measuring the intended constructs. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient for the scale was determined to be 0.906, indicating high internal consistency. The Cronbach’s α values for the individual sub-dimensions ranged from 0.758 to 0.887, reflecting acceptable reliability. Additionally, the CR values for the sub-dimensions fell between 0.814 and 0.893. Therefore, the DNPS was recognized as a valid and reliable tool for assessing the defensive practices employed by nurses. Conclusion: The DNPS was developed as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing defensive nursing behaviors. Additionally, it is a psychometrically robust tool that effectively evaluates nurses’ defensive practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. Cite this article as: Ulupınar F, Erden Y, Meler S. Defensive nursing practices scale: Development and validation of a new measurement tool. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0193, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24193.
Factors Associated with Awareness of Microbiota among Turkish Pregnant Women: A Descriptive Study
Objective: This study aimed to determine factors associated with awareness of microbiota among Turkish pregnant women. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 216 pregnant women who visited the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of a state hospital between October 2 and November 3, 2023. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the Descriptive Characteristics Information Form and the Microbiota Awareness Scale (MAS) developed by the researchers. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women in the study was 26.99 ± 5.78. The total score on the MAS was 63.62 ± 7.88, with sub-dimensions including General Knowledge 22.74 ± 3.01, Product Knowledge 8.15 ± 2.22; Chronic Disease 15.84 ± 2.58, and Probiotic and Prebiotic Knowledge 16.87 ± 3.20. A statistically significant difference was found between microbiota awareness levels and education level, employment status, social security, attendance at prenatal education classes, attention to food intake, and food planning (P < .05). Conclusion: The study found that pregnant women have a moderate level of microbiota awareness, influenced by socio-demographic factors such as education, employment, and social security. Integrating microbiota education into prenatal care by nurses and midwives in obstetrics and gynecology clinics can significantly improve pregnant women’s knowledge and awareness of microbiota. Cite this article as: Calpbinici P, Uzunkaya Öztoprak P. Factors associated with awareness of microbiota among Turkish pregnant women: A descriptive study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0169, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24169.
Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Self-Care Practices: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Objective: Lymphedema is a condition seen in breast cancer patients after mastectomy and significantly affects the quality of life. Self-management strategies are important for preventing lymphedema and reducing its severity. This study aims to evaluate the self-care abilities of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) patients after surgery. Methods: This study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive design. Study data were obtained from a single private hospital between August 2021 and May 2022. The study sample consisted of 53 patients who had undergone mastectomy in the last 2 years and were at risk of developing lymphedema. A socio-demographic data form and the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale were used to collect data. The relationship between sociodemographic and clinical variables and the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale was evaluated with Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The mean score of the BCRL Self-Care Scale was 70.79 ± 13.49. 79.2% of patients reported consistently adhering to infection prevention measures, 37.7% performed recommended exercises regularly, and 56.6% did not wear compression garments daily. Younger patients showed better adherence to self-care in the Activity subscale (P < .05), and married individuals had higher Sustainability subscale scores. Chronic disease was associated with lower protection scores (P < .001). Conclusion: Sociodemographic and clinical factors such as knowledge, marital status, and chronic illness significantly influence self-care practices. While infection prevention was strong, exercise and compression garment use were insufficient. Interventions focused on physical activity and pressure management are needed to improve lymphedema outcomes. Cite this article as: Dizer B, Olgun Ş, Urgancı AU. Breast cancer-related lymphedema self-care practices: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025, 12, 0165, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24165
Lifelong Learning Experiences and Meaning-Making Via Narratives of Health Professionals Serving in Greek Public Hospitals
Objective: The objective is to inculcate a culture of lifelong learning in health professionals, it is important to investigate how they experience and make sense of it throughout their lives. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study involving thematic narrative analysis was performed from April 2021 to September 2023. A total of 14 health professionals from 12 different health professions who are public servants in Greek hospitals participated in this study. Data were collected via narrative biographical interviews, and the software NVivo ver. 12 was used for data analysis. Results: The thematic narrative analysis revealed 2 themes: (a) the constitution of subjectivity as lifelong learners and (b) the management of learning. All participants reported biographical learning experiences and personal characteristics connected to the lifelong learner identity and demonstrated attributes and skills in lifelong learning management. Conclusion: The study’s findings highlight the need to use open qualitative methods to clearly and deeply understand lifelong learning in health professionals’ lives. This will foster more discussions about the ways of enhancing the cultivation of skills related to lifelong learning and ensuring the sustainability of health professionals’ participation in it. Cite this article as: Orfanidou C, Karalis T, Valkanos E, Kedraka K. Lifelong learning experiences and meaning-making via narratives of health professionals serving in greek public hospitals. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0071, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24071.
Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Levels of Faculty of Health Sciences Students and Affecting Factors
Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology advancements are poised to bring significant changes to the healthcare field. As the adoption of AI systems in healthcare continues to grow, there is an increasing need to equip future healthcare professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills to work effectively with these technologies. This study explores the level of anxiety related to AI and examines the factors influencing this anxiety among university students enrolled in health sciences programs. Methods: This cross-sectional study was descriptive and correlational. The study was carried out with 450 students at the İstanbul Gedik University, Faculty of Health Sciences (Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Child Development, Nutrition and Diet, Occupational Health and Safety). A descriptive questionnaire and an AI anxiety scale were used to obtain the research data, which were analyzed using numerical data, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, independent groups t-test, and post-hoc analysis. Results: The mean total score on the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIAS) was 109.642 ± 30.452 (min=42;max=147). Among the sub-dimensions of the AIAS, the mean of the Learning sub-dimension was 41.096 ± 12.083 (min=16; max=56), the mean of the Job Change sub-dimension was 31.118 ± 9.022 (min=12; max=42), the mean of the Sociotechnical Blindness sub-dimension was 21.558 ± 5.892 (min=8; max=28), and the mean of the AI Configuration sub-dimension was 15.871 ± 4.831 (min=6; max=21). Conclusion: According to this study, students from the Faculty of Health Sciences had a high level of AI anxiety. Significant differences were found between students’ AI anxiety levels according to gender, their thoughts about AI, their trust in AI-based devices, their desire to change their profession because of AI, and their use of AI in patient care. Cite this article as: Çoban N, Kar D, Berk ŞN. Artificial intelligence anxiety levels of faculty of health sciences students and affecting factors. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0147, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24147.
Investigating Compliance with a Home Exercise Program in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the status of receiving home exercise programs and adherence among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), providing insights for clinical practice. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with MS, aged 18 and over, literate, and reached through the social media platforms of the MS Society of Türkiye, were included in the study. Individuals who did not fully complete the questions asked and/or gave answers irrelevant to the topic, who reported comorbidities that may prevent participation in exercise along with MS, and those not meeting the specified age criteria were excluded from the study. Data were collected through an online questionnaire assessing MS patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and their engagement and adherence to home exercise programs. Results: A total of 217 people (n=36) male, (n=181) female, participated in the study. While the rate of having a prescribed home exercise program among all participants was 12.90%, this rate was 8.33% for men and 13.81% for women. When the compliance of the participants with home exercise programs was examined, all men stated they sometimes applied these programs. This rate was found to be 52% for women. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that a considerable proportion of individuals with MS did not engage with the prescribed home exercise programme. Furthermore, the adherence rates and frequency of exercise updates were found to be inadequate. Since the MS population is increasing steadily in Türkiye, it is vital to facilitate access to effective exercises for people with MS and to ensure lifelong compliance with these exercises. Cite this article as: Tekeoğlu Tosun A, Yılmaz N, Eryıldız E, Işıklar Ç, Hotaman Keklicek H. Investigating compliance with a home exercise program in people with multiple sclerosis. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0124, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24124.
Perceived Compassion Scale: A Scale Development Study
Objective: The study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure perceived compassion. Methods: This scale development study included 249 participants recruited via the simple random sampling method. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 29.0 software (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA) was used to analyze the data. Validity and reliability analyses were used in the development process of the scale. Within the scope of validity, first, content validity was conducted with expert opinions and Davis Technique. Ateşman Turkish readability of the scale was determined, and the construct validity was analyzed by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient, Bartlett’s sphericity test, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Within the scope of reliability analyses, internal consistency analyses were conducted by performing Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient and item–total statistics. Results: As a result of the analysis, the KMO value of the Perceived Compassion Scale developed was 0.930, and the Bartlett test statistic was 4511.754, P < .001. It was found that the 3-factor scale explained 61.68% of the total variance. Seven items were deleted from the scale since they overlapped, and Cronbach’s α value of the scale was found to be 0.95. The reliability coefficients of the scale, which consisted of a total of 22 items in 3 sub-dimensions, were determined to be 0.91 in the trust sub-dimension, 0.89 in the affection sub-dimension, and 0.87 in the kindness sub-dimension. Conclusion: It was determined that the scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring perceived compassion. Cite this article as: Metin A, Karakurt N, Erden Y, Nacak UA. Perceived compassion scale: a scale development study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0102, doi:10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24102.
Effect of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors on the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease: Case–Control Study
Objective: Age is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the increasing population of elderly individuals highlights the importance of preventive measures for public health and economic resources. This study aimed to examine the effects of physical health and lifestyle on AD by comparing them with a healthy control group. Methods: The case-control study included 118 individuals aged 65 and older, consisting of 59 patients diagnosed with AD per the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), and 59 older adults serving as controls. Data collection occurred from September to December 2018 at the Geriatric Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic. Assessments included the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale (HLBS), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: In contrast to the control group, the patient group exhibited lower levels of education and physical illness (P=.016 and P=.000, respectively), while exhibiting a significantly higher prevalence of hearing impairment or vision loss (P =.000). The patient group had lower total HLBS (P=.000) and subscale scores for physical activity (P=.000), nutrition (P=.019), health responsibility (P=.000), and stress management (P=.000). Conclusion: This study investigated the effects of physical health and lifestyle on AD. Results suggested that increased education levels, intact sensory functions, such as hearing and vision, adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, such as consistent physical activity, a high level of health responsibility, healthy nutrition, and successful stress management may contribute to lowering the risk for the development of AD. Cite this article as: Tarhan İ, Çetingök S, Ipekçioğlu D, Gültekin T. Effect of healthy lifestyle behaviors on the development of Alzheimer’s disease: Case–control study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025, 12, 0029, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24029.
Baby-Led Weaning and Influencing Factors: a Descriptive Study
Objective: This study aimed to examine the demographic factors affecting baby-led weaning (BLW). Methods: The study was of a descriptive and cross-sectional type to examine the factors affecting BLW between March and May 2024. The study population consisted of parents registered in a Family Health Center in Türkiye. Parents who gave written and verbal consent to participate in the study were included in the study (n=137). Results: The mean BLWS scores of mothers and fathers were 49.96 ± 6.67 and 46.71 ± 6.58, respectively. Parents’ and babies diet had a statistically significant effect on BLWS total score (Parents: F=4.564, P=.035; Babies’ diet: F=2.47, P=.028). There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between BLWS score and the age, height, and weight of the child (r=0.307, r=0.254, r=0.217, respectively). Conclusion: The BLW levels of both mothers and fathers are above the mean. Whether the parent is a mother or a father and the baby’s diet are important determinants of BLW. The extent to which the baby sits with the family at meals, the degree of independence in eating, and the total BLW levels of the parents are affected by the age, height, and weight of the children. Cite this article as: Kadiroğlu T, Koç ES, Kaşali K. Factors affecting and psychometric evaluation of the weaning in baby-led scale. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0020, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25020.
Comparison of Machine Learning Methods to Detect Stress and Participation for Children with Different Special Needs During Serious Game-Based Therapy: A Observational Study
Objective: Serious games have shown promise as therapeutic tools for children with different special needs. However, understanding how children feel and participate in a game is also important. This study used machine learning (ML) methods to classify stress in children with different special needs and their participation in serious game-based therapies. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Rehabilitation Laboratory of the Department of Occupational Therapy between March and May 2023. Physiological signals such as blood volume pulse, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature were collected from 25 children with obstetric brachial plexus injury, dyslexia, intellectual disabilities, and typically developing children during game therapy. Using these physiological signals, 12 ML models were applied to classify children’s stress and participation. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD, frequencies) were used to summarize participant characteristics. Model performance was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Results: The results demonstrate that the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier after an autoencoder resulted in the highest F1 scores of 66% and 63% for stress and participation classification, respectively. Furthermore, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model achieved the highest F1 scores of 91% and 86% for the no-stress and no-participation classifications, respectively. When both minority and majority classes were taken into consideration, using KNN following an autoencoder yielded better results with average F1 scores of 68% and 65% for stress and no-stress and participation and no participation, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that ML methods are effective in classifying children’s stress and engagement states using physiological signals. Cite this article as: Coskun B, Ay Ş, Erol Barkana D, Uzun İ, Bostancı Seçkin H, Tarakcı D. Comparison of machine learning methods to detect stress and participation for children with different special needs during serious game-based therapy: A observational study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025, 12, 0136, doi: 10.5152/ ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24136.
Comprehensive Analysis of Biological and Metabolic Changes During a 10-Day Water-Only Fasting: A Case Study
Objective: Prolonged water-only fasting has garnered significant interest for its potential health benefits, including enhanced metabolic flexibility and cardiovascular improvements. This case study explores the physiological and metabolic responses of a healthy 36-year-old male during a 10-day water-only fast, followed by a structured 5-day refeeding phase. Methods: Key parameters such as heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory quotient (RQ), resting metabolic rate (RMR), oxygen consumption (VO₂), and sleep quality were monitored throughout the fasting and refeeding periods. Data collection was conducted at the Laboratory of Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine in February 2025. Results: Findings revealed substantial metabolic adaptations, including a decline in RMR from 2040 kcal/day to 1342 kcal/day and a reduction in RQ from 0.89 to 0.74 by fasting day 7, indicating a shift from carbohydrate to fat oxidation. Cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure and heart rate, remained stable, while sleep patterns exhibited notable variability, with a marked reduction in deep sleep after the third day of fasting. During the refeeding phase, metabolic and physiological parameters progressively returned to baseline levels, underscoring the importance of dietary reintroduction in restoring homeostasis. Conclusion: This study highlights the dynamic interplay between metabolic rate, substrate utilization, and cardiovascular stability during prolonged fasting and refeeding. While the findings align with existing literature, the results emphasize the individuality of fasting responses and the necessity for medical supervision. These insights contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting water-only fasting as a potentially safe and effective intervention for metabolic health, warranting further investigation in diverse populations. Cite this article as: Ulupınar S, Özbay S, Bedi̇r D, et al. Comprehensive analysis of biological and metabolic changes during a 10-day water-only fasting: A case study. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0058, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25058.
Knowledge Levels of Pregnant Women on Rational Drug Use and Determination of Effective Factors
Objective: It is aimed to determine the knowledge levels of pregnant women regarding rational drug use and the affecting factors. Methods: The sample of this descriptive and correlational study, which was conducted between March and June 2024 at İstanbul Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, consisted of 377 pregnant women who applied to the antenatal clinic. The data were collected using personal characteristics and pregnancy information form and the Rational Drug Use (RDU) scale. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 29.16 ± 5.35 years. About 68.4% had a high school education or higher, 70.3% were not employed, 84.6% lived in a nuclear family type, and 64.7% of the pregnancies were planned. Among the pregnant women, 86.2% used medication during pregnancy, with 48.8% starting in the first trimester. The most frequently used medications were iron supplements, vitamin D+multivitamins, and folic acid. Additionally, 81.4% checked medication expiration dates, and 54.4% read the medication guides. The average score on the RDU scale for the pregnant women was 34.22 ± 5.36, with 60.5% scoring 35 points or higher. Age, employment status, family type, pregnancy planning status, checking expiration date before use, reading medication package insert, educational status, income-expenditure status, and cost of medications have an effect on RDU. Conclusion: Medication use during pregnancy is common, but rational drug use (RDU) levels remain close to the cut-off value, indicating a need for improvement. Strengthening preconception and prenatal education on RDU is essential to ensure safe medication use for maternal and fetal health. Cite this article as: Özkan A, Acar Z, Bebitoğlu BT, Aditepe EDY. Knowledge levels of pregnant women on rational drug use and determination of effective factors. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0170, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.24170.
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