World Health Organization has announced that the population of the elderly would increase in the developing countries. As it happens everywhere in the world, an increase is also expected in Turkey among the population of the elderly. Alongside with aging, frequently a decline in functional state and loss of balance and fallings due to physical inactivity has been observed. Our purpose in this edition is to analyze the problems of balance among the elderly, determine the risk factors in regards to falling, and discuss the preventive rehabilitation approaches to be developed against them. Preventing the problems leading to equilibrium disorders and improving the balances, ensuring that the factors that may lead to falls are treated in the early stages, and the effects of permanent problems are the most important goals of preventive rehabilitation. To realize those purposes, three different protective rehabilitation approaches have been determined such as the primary, secondary and tertiary protection by taking every elderly’s distinctive health situation into account. Primary protection in rehabilitation refers to the precautions that may be taken before formation of any sickness. Secondary protection is composed of early diagnosis, proper treatment and limitation of complications. Tertiary protection is the least costly disability and irreversible disorders that can occur due to emerging disease and encourages the patient to take precautions to adapt to this situation and increase the quality of life. Factors which lead to falls in elderly and preventive rehabilitation approaches in this review are covered detail in the framework of these principles.